Study Shows Strong Link Between Western Diet During Pregnancy and ADHD

An Irish Times article in February 2025, “ADHD services in Ireland overwhelmed by ‘tsunami’ of demand”, highlighted that young people in the age group of 16-24 received the most ADHD prescriptions.

Another Irish Times feature in April 2025 stated that:

“Surge in child ADHD diagnoses sees two HSE areas were now bearing 50 per cent of the national waiting list.”

In 2025, a medical study found a link between maternal diet and conditions such as ADHD.

Study at the University of Copenhagen

The study was carried out at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and has shed light on the significant relationship between a mother’s nutritional intake during pregnancy and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children, such as ADHD.

The March 2025 research underscores the importance of maternal diet in influencing prenatal health, suggesting that certain dietary patterns may increase the risk of conditions like ADHD. Expectant mothers are advised to be mindful of their nutritional intake to support their child’s health.

The Impact of Maternal Diet on Child Development

Maternal diet plays a crucial role in foetal development, influencing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. The significance of a well-balanced diet during pregnancy cannot be overstated, as it lays the foundation for the child’s overall health and well-being.

We have a blog section that has several articles on the importance of maternal diet.

Current Understanding of Diet’s Role in Fetal Development

Research has consistently shown that a mother’s dietary choices during pregnancy can have a profound impact on fetal development. Numerous scientific studies hone in on various aspects of health, including child cognition and behaviour.

Nutrient deficiencies or excessive intake of certain foods can affect the development of the fetus, potentially leading to complications. For instance, a diet lacking essential nutrients such as folate, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Key nutrients and their roles:

• Folate: Crucial for preventing neural tube defects. Be sure to check out the feature on folic acid in pregnancy.
• Iron: Essential for the production of red blood cells and supporting the baby’s growth.
• Omega-3 fatty acids: Important for brain development and function.

Rising Concerns About Western Dietary Patterns

The Western diet, characterised by high intakes of processed foods, sugars, and saturated fats, has raised concerns among health professionals. Studies have indicated that adherence to a Western dietary pattern during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder.

A recent comprehensive clinical study from the University of Copenhagen found a significant association between maternal diet during pregnancy and the development of ADHD and autism in children.

Some of the concerning aspects of Western dietary patterns include:

1. High consumption of processed and high-sugar foods.
2. Low intake of essential nutrients due to a diet dominated by processed foods.
3. Increased risk of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Understanding the Western Diet During Pregnancy and ADHD

Understanding the Western diet and its effects on pregnancy outcomes, such as ADHD, is crucial for expectant mothers and healthcare providers. The Western diet, typically high in processed foods, sugars, and unhealthy fats, has been linked to various health issues, including an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. This study in Nature shows that the western dietary pattern during pregnancy is associated with child neurodevelopmental disorders. 

Defining the Western Diet and Its Prevalence

The Western diet is characterised by high consumption of processed and packaged foods, sugary beverages, and red meat, alongside low intake of whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. This dietary pattern has become increasingly prevalent globally, including in Ireland.

Common Components of Western Diets

• High intake of processed meats and refined grains
• Frequent consumption of sugary drinks and foods high in added sugars
• Low consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and fibre
• High intake of saturated fats and sodium

Consumption Patterns in Ireland

In Ireland, there has been a notable shift towards Western dietary patterns, particularly among younger populations. This shift is attributed to various factors, including lifestyle changes and the increased availability of processed foods.

This Boston University 2015 study highlighted that:

“In terms of obesity alone, the estimates show a big jump for women in the Irish Republic, soaring from 23 per cent to 57 per cent.”

ADHD: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Prevalence

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The diagnosis of ADHD involves a comprehensive assessment of these symptoms and their impact on daily functioning.

ADHD is a significant concern globally, with a substantial prevalence among children and adolescents. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to managing the condition effectively.

Ireland has seen a rise in the diagnosis of ADHD among children, mirroring trends observed in other Western countries. This increase has sparked concern among healthcare professionals and parents, highlighting the need for further research into potential risk factors, including dietary patterns during pregnancy.

The link between the Western diet during pregnancy and ADHD risk underscores the importance of nutritional guidance for expectant mothers. Healthcare providers are increasingly focusing on prenatal nutrition as a critical factor in preventing neurodevelopmental disorders.

Connecting Biology to Behaviour in ADHD: The Amygdala’s Role

While the main purpose of this article is to highlight the connection between maternal diet and conditions like ADHD, for further understanding of how to connect the biology to behaviour in ADHD, this article in Psychology Today is a worthwhile read.

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